The Psychology of Money

The ability to do what you want, when you want, with who you want, for as long as you want, is priceless.

Focus on long-term investments with lower volatility

Track your expenses and income to gain insight into your financial habits

Man in the Car Paradox: Saving money is important, but investing is an essential part of building wealth.

Freedom: The first step to financial freedom is to understand your spending habits and start budgeting.

Tails, You Win: Wealth is not just money; it's also the things money can buy—time, freedom, security, and choices.

Getting Wealthy vs. Staying Wealthy: It's not about how much money you make, but how much money you keep, how hard it works for you, and how many generations you keep it for.Tails, You Win: Wealth is not just money; it's also the things money can buy—time, freedom, security, and choices.

Never Enough: Money is only a tool. It will take you wherever you wish, but it will not replace you as the driver.

Luck & Risk: The most successful investors understand that risk and reward go hand in hand.

Therefore, focus less on specific individuals and case studies and more on broad patterns.

Financial success is not a hard science. It’s a soft skill, where how you behave is more important than what you know.

There is no reason to risk what you have and need for what you don’t have and don’t need.

The premise of this book is that doing well with money has a little to do with how smart you are and a lot to do with how you behave.

Luck and risk are both the reality that every outcome in life is guided by forces other than individual effort.

The line between bold and reckless can be thin.

The real key to his success is that he’s been a phenomenal investor for three quarters of a century.

The hardest financial skill is getting the goalpost to stop moving.

Getting money requires taking risks, being optimistic, and putting yourself out there. But keeping money requires the opposite of taking risk.

The counterintuitive nature of compounding leads even the smartest of us to overlook its power.

Having a strong sense of controlling one’s life is a more dependable predictor of positive feelings of wellbeing than any of the objective conditions of life we have considered.

The ability to do what you want, when you want, with who you want, for as long as you want, is priceless. It is the highest dividend money pays.

The most important economic events of the future—things that will move the needle the most—are things that history gives us little to no guide about.

The purpose of the margin of safety is to render the forecast unnecessary.

Nothing is as good or as bad as it seems.

Your success as an investor will be determined by how you respond to punctuated moments of terror, not the years spent on cruise control.

Ordinary folks with no financial education can be wealthy if they have a handful of behavioral skills that have nothing to do with formal measures of intelligence.

Buying a lottery ticket is the only time in our lives we can hold a tangible dream of getting the good stuf f that you already have and take for granted. W e are paying for a dream, and you may not understand that because you are already living a dream.

The point is that the ceiling of social comparison is so high that virtually no one will ever hit it. Which means it’s a battle that can never be won, or that the only way to win is to not fight to begin with—to accept that you might have enough, even if it’s less than those around you.

The ability to stick around for a long time, without wiping out or being forced to give up, is what makes the biggest difference. This should be the cornerstone of your strategy, whether it’s in investing or your career or a business you own.

A mindset that can be paranoid and optimistic at the same time is hard to maintain, because seeing things as black or white takes less effort than accepting nuance. But you need short-term paranoia to keep you alive long enough to exploit long-term optimism.

When you accept that tails drive everything in business, investing, and finance you realize that it’s normal for lots of things to go wrong, break, fail, and fall.

Savings without a spending goal gives you options and flexibility, the ability to wait and the opportunity to pounce. It gives you time to think. It lets you change course on your own terms. Every bit of savings is like taking a point in the future that would have been owned by someone else and giving it back to yourself.

Having more control over your time and options is becoming one of the most valuable currencies in the world. That’s why more people can, and more people should, save money.

The reasonable investors who love their technically imperfect strategies have an edge, because they’re more likely to stick with those strategies. There are few financial variables more correlated to performance than commitment to a strategy during its lean years—both the amount of performance and the odds of capturing it over a given period of time.

Stanford professor Scott Sagan once said something everyone who follows the economy or investment markets should hang on their wall: 'Things that have never happened before happen all the time.' History is mostly the study of surprising events. But it is often used by investors and economists as an unassailable guide to the future.

The most important economic events of the future—things that will move the needle the most—are things that history gives us little to no guide about. They will be unprecedented events. Their unprecedented nature means we won’ t be prepared for them, which is part of what makes them so impactful.

The purpose of the margin of safety is to render the forecast unnecessary." - Benjamin Graham

The ability to do what you want, when you want, for as long as you want, has an infinite ROI.

Every job looks easy when you’re not the one doing it because the challenges faced by someone in the arena are often invisible to those in the crowd.

Most things are harder in practice than they are in theory. Sometimes this is because we’re overconfident. More often it’s because we’re not good at identifying what the price of success is, which prevents us from being able to pay it.

Bubbles do their damage when long-term investors playing one game start taking their cues from those short-term traders playing another.

Pessimism just sounds smarter and more plausible than optimism. Tell someone that everything will be great and they’re likely to either shrug you off or offer a skeptical eye. Tell someone they’re in danger and you have their undivided attention.

The more you want something to be true, the more likely you are to believe a story that overestimates the odds of it being true.

An appealing fiction happens when you are smart, you want to find solutions, but face a combination of limited control and high stakes. They are extremely powerful. They can make you believe just about anything.

Investing is one of the only fields that offers daily opportunities for extreme rewards. People believe in financial quackery in a way they never would for, say, weather quackery because the rewards for correctly predicting what the stock market will do next week are in a different universe than the rewards for predicting whether it will be sunny or rainy next week.

If you want to do better as an investor, the single most powerful thing you can do is increase your time horizon. Time is the most powerful force in investing. It makes little things grow big and big mistakes fade away.

Independence, to me, doesn’t mean you’ll stop working. It means you only do the work you like with people you like at the times you want for as long as you want.

The defining characteristic of economics in the 1950s is that the country got rich by making the poor less poor. Average wages doubled from 1940 to 1948, then doubled again by 1963.

The economy works better for some people than others. Success isn’t as meritocratic as it used to be and, when success is granted, it’s rewarded with higher gains than in previous eras.

The lifestyles of a small portion of legitimately rich Americans inflated the aspirations of the majority of Americans, whose incomes weren’t rising.

The era of 'This isn’t working' may stick around. And the era of 'We need something radically new, right now, whatever it is' may stick around.

Your personal experiences with money make up maybe 0.00000001% of what’s happened in the world, but maybe 80% of how you think the world works.

All of us are walking around with an illusion—an illusion that history, our personal history, has just come to an end, that we have just recently become the people that we were always meant to be and will be for the rest of our lives." - Daniel Gilbert